Pakistan Federal Budget 2025–26: A Reform-Centered Vision for Economic Recovery On June 10, 2025, Pakistan unveiled its Rs. 17.6 trillion federal budget in the National Assembly — a document aimed at economic revival, tax reform, and digital modernization, framed within IMF recommendations. It seeks to support citizens while enforcing fiscal discipline and accelerating structural reforms. Macroeconomic Objectives: Growth & Revenue Targets The government has laid out bold ambitions for the economy: • GDP Growth: Aiming for 4.2% growth in FY26, compared to 2.7% last year — a strong signal of economic rebound. • Tax-to-GDP Ratio: A planned jump from 10% to 14%, reducing reliance on debt. • FBR Revenue Target: Set at Rs. 14.13 trillion, reflecting a 9% increase over FY25. • Non-Tax Revenue Goal: Rs. 5.15 trillion to broaden domestic funding. Tax Reforms: Expanding the Net Several new tax initiatives have been introduced to widen the base: • New Tax Measures: Over Rs. ...
By CSS PMS Study Hub Success in Pakistan’s most competitive civil service exams — CSS and PMS — doesn’t just depend on how much you read, but on how well you retain, organise, and revise. That’s where note-making becomes a game-changer. Whether you prefer the feel of pen and paper or the flexibility of digital tools, an effective strategy can save you hundreds of hours during revision. This guide walks you through proven written and digital note-making techniques tailored for CSS and PMS aspirants. Section 1: The Purpose of Note-Making Before diving into methods, ask yourself: What should my notes help me do? Will I use these for revision, answer writing, or oral recall? Am I aiming to summarise, analyse, or retain factual knowledge? The clearer your intent, the better your notes will serve you. Section 2: Written Note-Making Strategies (Paper-Based) For many aspirants, handwritten notes remain king — and rightly so. Writing by hand aids memory and gives you emotional owners...
Mastering the Art of Essay Writing: An Introductory Guide with Outline and Examples Welcome to CSS PMS Study Hub, where we simplify competitive exam prep with practical outlines, expert tips, and focused strategies. Essay writing is both a skill and a strategy. Whether you're preparing for competitive exams like CSS or PMS, or writing for academic or professional purposes, the structure of your essay defines its impact. A well-thought-out outline not only enhances clarity and coherence but also ensures that you stay focused on the central theme throughout. Below is a comprehensive outline of an essay on a contemporary topic, accompanied by relevant examples , to help you learn how to build arguments, develop logical flow, and provide evidence effectively. I. Introduction Hook : "In a world driven by technological marvels and intellectual achievements, the question arises: at what cost has brilliance been attained?" Context : Briefly introduce the idea ...
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