As promised, here are my tips on how to tackle the CSS english essay! 1. Ask the examiner for a second answer booklet and open its last page. Take a pencil, and write 'rough work' on top of the last page and do your brainstorming over here. Make a rough outline here, and it's completely okay to take 2-3 pages for rough work. After you're done, cross the pages with a line, to let the examiner know that this was simply your rough work. When you do your rough work, keep asking yourself how each point connects to the topic; one of the biggest mistakes that kids make is that they mention points that are not connected to the topic. 2. Your outline should not be longer than 2.5 pages, and can ideally be 2 pages long. Please refrain from long outlines - the whole point of an outline is to make it easy for the examiner to understand what you've included in your essay. Please do not make long, extremely detailed outlines that end up being a headache for the examiner to unders...
Pakistan Federal Budget 2025–26: A Reform-Centered Vision for Economic Recovery On June 10, 2025, Pakistan unveiled its Rs. 17.6 trillion federal budget in the National Assembly — a document aimed at economic revival, tax reform, and digital modernization, framed within IMF recommendations. It seeks to support citizens while enforcing fiscal discipline and accelerating structural reforms. Macroeconomic Objectives: Growth & Revenue Targets The government has laid out bold ambitions for the economy: • GDP Growth: Aiming for 4.2% growth in FY26, compared to 2.7% last year — a strong signal of economic rebound. • Tax-to-GDP Ratio: A planned jump from 10% to 14%, reducing reliance on debt. • FBR Revenue Target: Set at Rs. 14.13 trillion, reflecting a 9% increase over FY25. • Non-Tax Revenue Goal: Rs. 5.15 trillion to broaden domestic funding. Tax Reforms: Expanding the Net Several new tax initiatives have been introduced to widen the base: • New Tax Measures: Over Rs. ...
By CSS PMS Study Hub Success in Pakistan’s most competitive civil service exams — CSS and PMS — doesn’t just depend on how much you read, but on how well you retain, organise, and revise. That’s where note-making becomes a game-changer. Whether you prefer the feel of pen and paper or the flexibility of digital tools, an effective strategy can save you hundreds of hours during revision. This guide walks you through proven written and digital note-making techniques tailored for CSS and PMS aspirants. Section 1: The Purpose of Note-Making Before diving into methods, ask yourself: What should my notes help me do? Will I use these for revision, answer writing, or oral recall? Am I aiming to summarise, analyse, or retain factual knowledge? The clearer your intent, the better your notes will serve you. Section 2: Written Note-Making Strategies (Paper-Based) For many aspirants, handwritten notes remain king — and rightly so. Writing by hand aids memory and gives you emotional owners...
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